SQL Basics: Tutorial 1

SQL (Structured Query Language ) is a database language for querying, storing, manipulating data stored in relational database.

Most of the RDBMS (Relational Database Management Systems) use SQL as standard database Language but use different dialects.

Following databases uses SQL as standard database language [but use different dialects].

• MS SQL Server
• Microsoft Access
• MSDE
• Oracle
• DB2
• Sybase
• MySQL
• Postgres
• Informix

 

Also SQL is not case sensitive.

SQL Commands:

SQL commands can be divided into 4 categories.

1. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
2. Data Definition Language (DDL)
3. Transaction Control Language (TCL)
4. Data Control Language (DCL)

 

DDL statements:

DDL statements are used to create , modify and drop the structure of the tables and other objects in the database. When you execute a DDL statement, it takes effect immediately.

EX: CREATE, ALTER, DROP, RENAME, and TRUNCATE.

DML statements:

DML statements are used to manipulate the data in tables.

EX: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.

DCL statements:

DCL statements are used to create roles, permissions, and referential integrity as well it is used to control access to database by securing it.

Ex: GRANT, REVOKE statements

TCL Statements:

TCL statements are used to manage different transactions occurring within a database.

Ex: COMMIT, ROLLBACK statements

 

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